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1 national payment system
1) Экономика: общенациональная система платежей2) Банковское дело: национальная платежная системаУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > national payment system
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2 national payment system
Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > national payment system
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3 national payment system
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > national payment system
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4 Concerning the National Payment System
Общая лексика: О национальной платёжной системе (E&Y)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Concerning the National Payment System
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5 National Mass Electronic Payment System
Банковское дело: НСМЭП (национальная система массовых электронных платежей (http://www.bank.gov.ua/ENGL/Paym_syst/NSMEP.htm))Универсальный англо-русский словарь > National Mass Electronic Payment System
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6 system
1) система; способ; метод2) устройство; строй3) классификация4) учение5) сеть (дорог) -
7 system
система; комплекс• -
8 system
['sɪstɪm]n1) система, план, устройство, метод, организация, порядок, теория и т. п.His business lacks system. — Он ведет свой бизнес бессистемно.
- simple system- rational system
- rigid system
- generally adopted system
- elastic system
- decimal system
- monetary system
- metric system- marking system- Roman number system
- education system
- defensive system
- secret ballot system
- scientific system
- hydroelectric system- delivery system- communication system
- fire prevention system
- ignition system
- navigation system
- solar system
- wage system
- old-age pension system
- river system
- two-party system
- single track system
- amplifying system
- air-conditioning system
- central heating system
- system analysis
- system theory
- system error
- system of shorthand
- system of education
- existing system of English spelling
- system of physical training
- system of checking
- system of mail service
- system of taxation
- system of national health care
- on a barter system
- on a credit system
- on a down-payment system
- on a hire-purchase system
- on a gradual payment system
- on the ready money system
- on the official price system
- on an easy payment system
- on a profit-sharing system
- under this scientific system
- modify a system
- adopt a budget system
- work out a system
- create a new administrative system
- adhere to the system
- be based on the system
- lack system
- test out the system
- set up an international control system
- work without a system
- work by system, not by chance
- work on shift system
- build up a system of arguments
- construct a modern water system
- install a cooling system
- install a hot-water system
- keep a drainage system in perfect working order
- keep the system in working order
- system is not working properly2) строй, режим, государственное правление- political system- democratic system
- system of slavery - abolish a feudal systemThe poison passed into the system. — Яд уже попал в организм.
It is bad for the system. — Это вредно для здоровья
- central nervous system- vegetative nervous system
- higher nervous system
- human system
- digestive system
- respiratory system
- support-locomotion system
- rehabilitation of the nervous system
- depressed condition of the system
- build up the system
- get smth out of smb's system
- regulate the system
- tone up one's system -
9 system
n1) система; комплекс2) система; порядок; классификация3) метод; способ
- accelerated cost recovery system
- accounting system
- actual cost system
- administrative system
- advanced system
- airline system
- appointment system
- assessment system
- automated control system
- automated management system
- automatic conveyor system
- automatic data processing system
- automatic transfer system
- banking system
- batch system
- bidding system
- bilateral clearing system
- bimetallic monetary system
- bonus system
- budgetary control system
- cash system
- centralized control system
- central record system
- chain store system
- checking system
- classification system
- clearing system
- clearing house interbank payment system
- closed system
- closed system of finance
- communication system
- computerised system
- computerised system of payments
- computerised interbank clearing system
- conference system
- constrained system
- constraint system
- container system
- contract system
- contractual vertical marketing system
- control system
- controlled system
- corporate vertical marketing system
- cost accounting system
- cost control system
- cost distribution system
- credit system
- crediting system
- credit scoring system
- credit transfer system
- cropping system
- currency system
- data system
- data acquisition system
- data collection system
- data interchange system
- data processing system
- data transmission system
- decentralized system
- decimal system
- deferred rebate system
- department incentive system
- deposit insurance system
- distribution system
- dual system
- dual-pay system
- dual price system
- dual standard cost system
- dynamic system
- economic system
- educational system
- electronic book-entry system
- electronic fund transfer system
- engineering system
- equilibrium system
- estimate cost system
- European monetary system
- evaluation system
- exchange system
- factory system
- farming system
- farm price system
- Federal Reserve System
- feedback system
- financial system
- fiscal system
- forecasting system
- free enterprise system
- generalized system of preferences
- giro system
- hauling system
- hire purchase system
- historical cost system
- household system
- import quota system
- imprest system
- industrial system
- inefficient tax system
- information system
- information retrieval system
- in-plant system
- inspection system
- integrated accounting system
- integrated record system
- Internet-based system
- inventory control system
- irrigation system
- job order cost system
- judicial system
- justice system
- land tenure system
- land-use system
- legal system
- licence system
- linear system
- lump system
- macroeconomic system
- management system
- management information system
- managerial system
- market system
- marketing system
- master system
- measuring system
- mechanical accounting system
- mercantile system
- metric system
- monetary system
- monitoring system
- multichannel system
- multicomputer system
- multidepot system
- multiitem system
- multilateral system of settlements
- multilevel system
- multiple system
- multiproduct inventory system
- multipurpose system
- multirobot system
- multistage system
- multiuser computer system
- national banking system
- normalized system
- office system
- one-crop system
- one-price system
- open price system
- operating system
- operational system
- order system
- ordering system
- par value system
- patent system
- pay system
- pay-as-you-earn system
- pay-as-you-go system
- payment system
- petty cash system
- piecework system
- planning system
- postal system
- post giro system
- power system
- premium system
- price system
- priority system
- private enterprise system
- process control system
- processing system
- production system
- product testing system
- programme system
- programme development system
- programming system
- protectionist system
- protective system
- public-address system
- quality system
- quality intelligence system
- quality rating system
- queueing system
- quota system
- railroad system
- railway system
- rating system
- rationing system
- real-time system
- recording system
- record keeping system
- reference system
- registration system
- relay system
- remote-control system
- reporting system
- retail trade system
- retrieval system
- risk-management system
- rotation system
- savings bank system
- scoring system
- search system
- selection system
- service system
- settlement system
- sewage system
- shared resource system
- shuttle system
- single system
- single-channel system
- social system
- stable system
- stand-alone system
- standard system
- standard cost system
- standby system
- state system
- static system
- stationary system
- storage system
- storekeeping system
- supply system
- sweating system
- tariff system
- tax system
- taxation system
- telecommunication system
- telephone system
- telephone answering system
- tender system
- tenure system
- testing system
- time-shared system
- timesharing system
- transfer system
- transmission system
- transport system
- transportation system
- trial system
- truck system
- two-shift system
- two-tier banking system
- two-tier gold system
- underwriting system
- uniform system of accounts
- universal time system
- unstable system
- value system
- vertical marketing system
- voucher system
- wage system
- wage labour system
- warehousing system
- waste disposal system
- waste handling system
- waste treatment system
- water system
- weighting system
- working system
- world system
- system of accounts
- system of administration
- system of bookkeeping
- system of classification
- system of control
- system of distribution
- system of information
- system of levies
- system of management
- system of marketing
- system of marking
- system of protective tariffs
- system of sales
- system of settlements
- system of tariffs
- system of taxation
- system of transportation
- system of units
- system of weights and measures
- bypass the banking system
- convert to a metric system
- design a system
- operate a system
- phase out the quota systemEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > system
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10 system
n1) система2) способ; метод3) сеть4) строй•to deploy a system — размещать / разворачивать систему (напр. обороны)
to formulate a system — разрабатывать / вырабатывать систему
to overhaul / to reform a country's political system — перестраивать политическую систему страны
- abolition of the systemto set up a system — создавать / учреждать систему
- accounting system
- administrative system
- advanced system
- advantages of the system
- air-based system
- aircraft telecommunications system
- antagonistic systems
- anti-ballistic missile system
- anti-missile defense system
- anti-missile space defense system
- anti-satellite systems
- ASAT systems
- authoritative system
- automated management systems
- automated system
- automatic control system
- automatic data processing system
- banking system
- bipartisan system
- biparty system
- bonus system
- break-up of the system
- British entry into the European Monetary System
- bureaucrat system
- capitalist economic system
- capitalist system
- career development system
- centrally planned system
- clan system
- classified national defense system
- collapse of the system
- collective security system
- communal system
- communications system
- competitive price system
- complex system
- comprehensive system
- compulsory purchase system
- computer system
- constitutional system
- contract system
- control system
- conventional system
- country programming system
- credit and banking system
- credit system
- crisis of the system
- cultural system
- currently-operating system
- decentralized system
- defense system
- deficiency of the system
- delivery system
- democratic political systems
- deterrent system
- different social systems
- disintegration of the system
- distribution system
- dynamic international system
- early warning system
- ecological system
- economic system
- educational system
- effective system
- efficient system
- election system
- electoral system
- electronic system
- EMS
- European Monetary System
- exploitation system
- exploiting system
- fair system
- family-planning system
- federal grant system
- finance and credit system
- financial system
- first-past-the-post voting system
- forecasting system
- formation of the system
- free enterprise system
- free market system
- generalized system of preferences
- global system
- grid system
- ground-based system
- health care system
- health system
- historically established system
- home security system
- immunity system
- industrial system
- inequitable system
- information system
- INIS
- institutional system
- integrated system
- intelligence system
- International Nuclear Information System
- international system
- International Trusteeship System
- irrigation system
- job-by-job system of payment
- judicial system
- land tenure system
- land-based antiballistic missile system
- legal system
- liberalization of the political system
- life-support system
- majority system
- management system
- managerial system
- mandate system
- mandatory system
- market system
- mayor-council system
- merit system
- metric system
- missile and satellite detection system
- missile delivery system
- misuse of the judicial system for political purposes
- monarchical system
- monetary and credit system
- monetary system
- monitoring system
- monopolistic system
- motor-road and railway system
- multifaceted system
- multilateral payments system
- multiparty system
- mutually-acceptable system
- national accounting and control system
- national defense system
- new arms systems
- noncapitalist system
- obsolete social system
- old system
- one-man-one-vote system
- one-member-one-vote system
- one-party system
- opposing social systems
- optimum system
- outmoded system
- overhaul of the tax system
- parliamentary system
- party system
- payments system
- pension system
- people's democratic system
- philosophical system
- planning system
- political system
- post adjustment system
- power system
- preferential system
- premium system
- presidential system
- price system
- private enterprise system
- program budgeting system
- proportional representation system
- public pension system
- records system
- regimented political system
- remnants of the system
- reports system
- republican system
- ruling system
- safeguards system
- satellite-tracking system
- sea-based system
- security system
- social security system
- social system
- socio-economic system
- socio-political system
- space defense system
- space weapons systems
- space-based system
- spoils system
- stability system
- stable system
- state political system
- state system
- state-managed social security system
- strategic nuclear-weapon systems
- submarine-based system
- supply system
- system of collective security
- system of exploitation
- system of geographical distribution
- system of government and public organizations - taxation system
- technologically advanced weapons systems
- territorial system
- training system
- transition to a multiparty system
- tribal system
- trusteeship system
- two-party system
- united economic system
- visa system
- voting system
- wage system
- world system
- world trading system -
11 system
1) система; комплекс2) метод; способ3) канал•- acoustic alarm system
- acoustic image system
- acoustic systems
- actiontrack system
- active IR-system
- actuator system
- adaptive communication system
- adaptive teleinformation system
- adaptive telemetering system
- advanced information system
- Afsatcom system
- air system
- aircraft intercommunication system
- airfield communication system
- air-ground automatic system
- airline reservation system
- air-to-ground TV system
- alarm signal system
- alarm system
- all-channel signaling system
- ALL-IN-ONE system
- alphanumeric system
- amplified speaker system
- amplitude shift-keying system
- AMPS system
- analog cellular communication system
- analog cellular system
- analog component video system
- analog television system
- analog tropospheric system
- anisochronous system
- antenna system
- antitheft system
- AR system
- Arabsat system
- ASK system
- associated channel analog system
- asynchronous address communication system
- audio recording system
- Aurora system
- Aussat system
- automatic communication system
- automatic connection establishment system
- automatic control system
- automatic data acquisition system
- automatic telegraphy system
- automatic telephone system
- automatic tuning system
- automatized cellular system
- auxiliary alarm system
- balanced cable transmission system
- band sharing system
- base station system
- baseband system
- basic input/output system
- bass-reflex speaker system
- batch processing system
- batch transmission system
- batch-and-forward system
- batteryless system
- bilateral CTV system
- binary tariff system
- biocontrol system
- bit parallel interface system
- bit transport system
- bridge duplex system
- broadband mobile system
- broadcast satellite system
- broadcasting delivery media systems
- burglar alarm system
- byte-serial interface system
- cabinet system
- cabinetless system
- cable distribution system
- cable TV system
- call-accounting system
- call-answering system
- call-counting system
- call-distributing system
- call-processing system
- call-queueing system
- camp-on system
- CAPTAIN system
- car component audio system
- carrier reinsertion system
- carrier system
- carrier-communication system
- carrier-current communication system
- Cassegrain-Schmidt system
- cassette recording system
- cassette reproducing system
- CATRIN system
- caution system
- CD 900 system
- cellular system
- cellular-radio system
- central-battery system
- centralized control system
- chirp binary telegraph system
- cipher system
- circuit switched telecommunication system
- circuit switching telecommunication system
- circular telecontrol system
- clock system
- closed-circuit communication system
- closed-circuit telegraph system
- closed-numbering system
- code-dependent system
- code-division multiple access system
- code-independent system
- code-insensitive system
- code-sensitive system
- coding system
- coherent fiber-optic system
- collimating system
- collocated system
- color separating system
- combined numbering system
- combined power supply system
- combined satellite communication system
- common-battery system
- common-carrier system
- common-channel signaling system
- common-engineering communication system
- common-purpose cellular system
- common-using band system
- common-using cordless telephone system
- common-using paging system
- communication system
- communication traffic system
- communications system
- community antenna system
- community antenna television system
- community TV-system
- commununication switching system
- compact disk digital audio system
- compatible color television system
- compatible single sideband system
- compatible single-band system
- compatible TV-system
- complex radio communication system
- computer vision system
- computer-telephone system
- Comsar system
- Comsat system
- Conax system
- concentrated-insonation system
- conference system
- conference-communication system
- congested system
- congress-class system
- constant-current system
- control generating system
- conventional television system
- Conversant system
- cordless-communication system
- crossbar system
- crossed-coincident microphone system
- Crosspoint system
- CSE system
- C-system
- cubical video projecting system
- data processing system
- data system
- data transport system
- data-collection system
- data-compression system
- data-exchange system
- dataflow system
- data-gathering system
- data-handling system
- data-measuring system
- data-reduction system
- data-transmission system
- Decca Navigator system
- DECfax system
- decision-feedback system
- dedicated control channel system
- dedicated multimedia system
- delta-sigma system
- deluxe presentation system
- departmental communication system
- desktop-video system
- DFS/Copernicus system
- dial-telephone system
- differential phase shift-keying system
- differential-duplex system
- differential-magnetic system
- digital camera system
- digital hybrid-key telephone system
- digital mass storage system
- digital microwave radio transmission system
- digital telephone communication system
- digital transmission system
- digital TV-communication system
- Digital UNIX system
- digital-analog system
- digital-cellular system
- digital-data modulation system
- digital-effect system
- digital-message entry system
- digital-termination system
- direct-broadcasting satellite system
- directing system
- direct-modulation system
- direct-sequence system
- direct-telephone communication system
- discrete communication system
- discrete sound system
- discrete-addressing system
- disk-operating system
- DISOSS system
- dispatch telephone communication system
- dispatch-center system
- dispersed-insonation system
- distributed-insonation system
- distributed-processing system
- documental-type communication system
- Dolby systems
- domestic satellite communication system
- double-band telephone communication system
- double-channel transmission system
- double-current transmission system
- double-pole communication system
- double-sideband large carrier system
- DSCS system
- D-system
- dual-cable system
- dual-reflector system
- duplexed system
- Earth-to-space transmission system
- ECM system
- electric communication system
- electronic antishock system
- electronic data-gathering system
- electronic data-processing system
- electronic-message system
- electronic-scanning system
- electronic-switching system
- Ellipso system
- emergency telephone communication system
- emergency-broadcast system
- EMX system
- equidistant system
- error-correction system
- error-detection system
- Eutelsat system
- extensible system
- external paging system
- facsimile system
- fast-acting servicing system
- fault-tolerant system
- fax communication system
- fax transmitting system
- feed system
- fiber transmission system
- fiber-optic transmission system
- field-sequential system
- final mile system
- finishing system
- fire alarm system
- fire warning system
- first generation cellular system
- five-channel communication system
- fixed satellite system
- Flexcam system
- flexible access system
- Flitsatcom system
- focusing system
- four-channel sound system
- four-dimensional system
- four-wire telephone communication system
- frame-sequential system
- frequency shift-keying system
- frequency-carrier system
- frequency-control system
- front-bass reflex speaker system
- fully digital system
- gate system
- Gaussian system
- generalized system
- generating dynamic system
- generator-dc-motor system
- GIGASET radio system
- global positioning system
- Global system
- Gopher system
- grandfathered system
- group-alerting and dispatching system
- guide system
- hard-wired CCTV system
- hazard system
- helical-scan system
- HF-synchronizing system
- high-precision navigating system
- Hi-linear system
- home system
- home-telephone system
- home-type system
- homing-guidance system
- host system
- hydroacoustic system
- ideal communication system
- idealized system
- image informaion system
- image-forming system
- immedial servicing system
- incompatible system
- independent system
- information retrieval system
- information system radio system
- information system
- information-feedback system
- information-measuring system
- infrared alarm system
- Inmarsat system
- Inmarsat-A system
- Inmarsat-B system
- Inmarsat-C system
- Inmarsat-D system
- Inmarsat-M system
- Inmarsat-P system
- integrated telephone system
- integrated videographic teleconferencing system
- integrated-antenna system
- integrated-communication system
- integrated-modulation system
- integrated-office system
- Intelsat system
- interactive system
- intercarrier-sound system
- intercommunication system
- intercontinental tropospheric system
- interlock system
- intermachine exchange system
- intermediate system
- international communication system
- interphone system
- Intervision system
- intraband signaling system
- intruder alarm system
- inward-outward dialing system
- ionoscatter system
- ionosphere sounder system
- ionospheric system
- Iridium system
- isolated system
- Italsat system
- J-carrier system
- joint-multichannel trunking and switching system
- K-carrier system
- key system
- key-telephone system
- land satellite communication system
- large-grained communication system
- laser communication system
- L-band satellite system
- L-carrier system
- Leasat system
- lightning protection system
- limited distortion system
- line amplifiers system
- link system
- little-channel relay system
- local alarm system
- local battery system
- local communication system
- local radio paging system
- long-haul system
- long-range system
- loop system
- loud-speaking communication system
- low-traffic system
- magnetic tape recording system
- Mail system
- management-information system
- manual cellular system system
- manual telephone set system
- Marisat system
- master television system
- master-antenna television system
- matrix sound system
- message feedback system
- message procession system
- message registration system
- message-switched system
- meteor radio system
- Metrobus system
- micro component system
- Micro Press Cluster Printing system
- micro-lens system
- microprocessor system
- microwave relay system
- midi system
- mine radio telephone system
- mini system
- mixed media system
- mixed numbering system
- mobile cellular communication system
- mobile land communication system
- mobile radio system
- mobile relay system
- mobile system
- modulated system
- monetary mobile system
- MS-Mail system
- multiareal system
- multicassette system
- multichannel telephone system
- multicomputer system
- multidisk system
- multiformat recording system
- multifrequency tone signaling system
- multiguard system
- multilevel mixed system
- multimedia system
- multiple-channel system
- multiqueue system
- Multiscrypt system
- multistandard system
- multitrack editing system
- mutibeam antenna system
- muting system
- Nagravision system
- NAMTS system
- narrow-angle TV system
- national communication system
- navigation system
- n-channel communication system
- n-channel DPSK system
- n-channel transmission system
- network standalone system
- network system
- network-operation system
- networks numbering system
- neutral direct-current telegraph system
- n-head video system
- NMT system
- noise-reduction system
- nonhoming tuning system
- noninterlaced television system
- nonsegmented system
- Norsat system
- n-satellite system system
- n-tone DPSK system
- n-tone MFSK system
- NTSC system
- NTT system
- obligatory message system
- Odyssey system
- off-line system
- on-line computer system
- on-line secured system
- open numbering system
- open system
- operative-engineering communication system
- opposite signals system
- optical-communication system
- optical-information system
- optical-projection system
- optoelectronic system
- oscillating system
- oscillation system
- outband signaling system
- package-and-resource tracking system
- pagemaster system
- paging system
- PAL system
- parametric system
- PATHWORKS system
- pattern recognition system
- personal holding guard system
- phase shift-keying system
- phone system
- Piccolo system
- pilot-controller system
- polar direct-current telegraph system
- portable mobile system
- power control system
- power controlling system
- power-line carrier system
- power-supply system
- press-to-talk system
- Prestel system
- primary-supply system
- privacy system
- private branch paging system
- private movable system
- private videodata system
- private videotex system
- process-interface system
- PROFS system
- programmable cross-connect system
- programmable cross-connected system
- programmed radio system
- prompting system
- protected wireline distribution system
- protection system
- pseudoquadraphony system
- pseudotrunking system
- public videodata system
- public videotex system
- pulse-code system
- pulse-frequency system
- pulse-time system
- quadraphonic sound system
- quadruple-diversity system
- R1 system
- R2 system
- radio buoy system
- radio command system
- radio communication system
- Radio Data system
- radio facsimile system
- Radiocom 2000 system
- radio-control system
- radio-paging system
- radio-relay system
- radiosonde-radio-wind system
- radio-telemetering system
- real time pulse-echo system
- real time system
- receiver lockout system
- recording system
- recovery system
- redundant system
- reference-information system
- regional electronic payment system
- relay-radio system
- remote concentrating system
- remote control system
- remote diagnostic system
- remote information system
- remote semiconcentrating system
- remote sensing system
- remote signaling system
- rendering system
- rerecording system
- reserved servicing system
- RF/Transmission system
- rotary system
- safety alarm system
- safety system
- Satcom system
- satellite comminication system
- satellite marine comminication system
- Satellite Master Antenna Television system
- satellite radio system
- satellite-aircraft communication system
- SB-communication system
- SBL communication system
- scalable system
- scanning trunking system
- SCO UNIX system
- searchless identification system
- seat reservation system
- SECAM system
- second generation cellular system
- second room system
- secondary supply system
- secrecy system
- section communication system
- security system
- segmented system
- seismic system
- selective calling system
- selective frequency base station system
- selective protective system
- selective telephone system
- self-adjusting system
- self-balancing differential system
- self-contained system
- self-test system
- selsyn system
- semiautomatic-switching system
- semiautomatized cellular system
- sensory system
- servo system
- shadow-batch system
- short-haul microwave system
- Sicral system
- Sigma Servo system
- signal system
- simplex movable system
- single-band transmission system
- single-busbar system
- single-cable communication system
- single-cable system
- single-channel system
- single-current transmission system
- single-pulse tracking system
- Skynet system
- small-grained communication system
- SmarTrunk II radio communication system
- solid-state uninterruptible power battery system
- Sony bus system
- sound alarm system
- sound equalization system
- sound navigation system
- sound reinforcement system
- sound warning system
- space-division system
- space-switched system
- spark-safe system
- speaker system
- special communication system
- speech-processing system
- speech-recognition system
- split-speaker system
- spread-spectrum system
- stabilizing system
- stage monitoring system
- standalone double point system
- star-circuit system
- STAREX CMX system
- starting communication system
- start-stop system
- stationary satellite system
- step-by-step system
- stereo sound system
- stereophonic sound system
- storage system
- storage-and-retrieval system
- Strowger system
- submarine fiber-optic system
- subprimary digital transmission system
- subscriber carrier system
- subscriber switching system
- suffix system
- Supersat system
- supervisory control system
- surround sound system
- switched telecommunication system
- switching system
- sync communication system
- synchro system
- synchronous communication system
- synchronous digital system
- TAGS system
- tandem system
- tariffication system
- T-carrier system
- TDF system
- teleautomatic system
- Telecom system
- telecommunication system
- telecommunications system
- telecommunication-service priority system
- telecommunications-service priority system
- telecontrol system
- telemechanic system
- telemetering system
- telemetry system
- telephone system
- telephone-answering system
- telephone-communication system
- telephone-communications system
- teleprocessing system
- Telesat system
- teletex system
- teletypewriter system
- television-telephone system
- Tele-X system
- Telsar system
- terminal system
- terrestrial radio-relay system
- theft-prevention system
- thin-route system
- third generation communication system
- three-axle stabilizing system
- three-channel HF-telephone system
- three-channel transmission system
- three-color system
- three-lens optical system
- three-primary system
- three-wire system
- time-dissemination system
- time-frequency hopping system
- time-switched system
- total access communication system
- total area coverage system
- transmission system
- trichromatic system
- triple-interlace system
- triplex system
- trunk communication system
- TV-observation system
- twelve-channel transmission system
- two-arm system
- two-band system
- two-color system
- two-roller transfer system
- two-step control system
- two-way CATV system
- two-way system
- two-wire telephone communication system
- ultra-match system
- ULTRIX system
- unified radioaccess system
- unilateral-control system
- unilateral-synchronization system
- uninterruptible-power system
- Unisat system
- universal alarm system
- universal-battery system
- universal-electronic system
- universal-movable system
- Uniworks system
- vestigial-sideband system
- video editing system
- video home system
- video recording system
- videocom system
- videoteleconference system
- videotex system
- virtual studio system
- vision system
- vocoder system
- voice dialog system
- voice frequency carrier telegraph system
- voice modulation system
- voice post system
- volume control system
- waiting system
- warning system
- watch system
- watching system
- waterside facsimile communication system
- wave-propagating system
- wide-angle TV system
- Winfax Pro system
- wired broadcasting system
- wireless CCTV system
- wireless home system
- wireless infrared speaker system
- wire-radio communication system
- XY system
- zone-selective protection system
- zoning systemEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > system
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12 incentive payment
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13 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
14 currency
сущ.1) фин. валюта (национальная денежная единица какой-л. страны)ATTRIBUTES:
appreciated currency — переоцененная валюта, валюта с завышенным курсом
The dollar was a strong currency. — Доллар был сильной валютой.
COMBS:
Mergers can dilute the equity of existing shareholders of the acquiring company if the deal currency is stock rather than cash.
They normally require payment in the currency of their own country.
See:account currency, accounting currency, agreement currency, Article 8 currency, artificial currency, base currency, blocked currency, common currency, community currency, composite currency, convertible currency, credit currency, domestic currency, dual currency, eurocurrency, exotic currency, fixed currency, floating currency, foreign currency, free currency, freely convertible currency, freely usable currency, functional currency, green currency, hard currency 1), home currency, inconvertible currency, intervention currency, investment currency, key currency, local currency, managed currency, national currency, non-convertible currency, overvalued currency, pegged currency, petrocurrency, price currency, quoted currency, reporting currency, reserve currency, single currency, soft currency, sound currency, undervalued currency, vehicle currency, weak currency, xenocurrency, currency appreciation, currency arbitrage, currency area, currency band, currency basket, currency bloc, currency block, currency board, currency clause, currency cocktail, currency composite, currency contract, currency conversion, currency convertibility, currency crisis, currency dealer, currency depreciation, currency fund, currency futures, currency futures contract, currency holdings, currency integration, currency intervention, currency market, currency option, currency policy, currency position, currency quotation, currency reserve, currency restrictions, currency risk, currency snake, currency speculation, currency substitution, currency swap, currency union, currency zone, backing of currency, convertibility of currency, currency interest rate swap, currency of contract, currency of credit, currency of price, gold and foreign currency reserves, indexed currency option note, inflation of currency, issue of currency, N-th currency problem, par value of currency, purchasing power of the currency, Currency Transaction Report, First National Bank of Eden, South Dakota v. Department of the Treasury, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, First National Bank of Eden, South Dakota v. Department of the Treasury, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, First National Bank of Eden, South Dakota v. Department of the Treasury, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, First National Bank of Eden, South Dakota v. Department of the Treasury, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, First National Bank of Eden, South Dakota v. Department of the Treasury, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency2) эк. средство обращения (деньги, но также любой актив, выступающий как средство обращения, напр., монеты, банкноты, чеки, векселя, долговые расписки и т. п.)currency shipment — перевозка денег; партия (перевозимых) денег
See:counterfeit currency, deposit currency, fiat currency, fiduciary currency, fractional currency, gold currency, hard currency 2), irredeemable currency, metallic currency, paper currency, strong currency, Treasury currency, wildcat currency, worn currency, currency issue, currency note, currency in circulation, money, asset 1), coin, bank note 1), cheque, bill of exchange, debt obligation, medium of exchange, functions of money, negotiable instrument3)а) эк. обращение (денег) (движение денег в процессе производства и обращения товаров, оказания услуг и совершения платежей)See:, double currency, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Comptroller of the Currency, bimetallism, monometallism, monetary system, money, coinб) общ. распространение, распространенность; широкая применимость, употребительностьSince the Gulf war, the term has gained new currency. — После войны в Персидском заливе данный термин вновь обрел частотность.
4) общ. срок действия (чего-л., напр., контракта, страхового полиса и т. д.)during the currency of the agreement [policy\] — в течение срока действия данного договора [полиса\]
* * *. любая форма денег, которые находятся в обращении; . Глоссарий финансовых и биржевых терминов .* * *Финансы/Кредит/Валюта1. денежная единица страны, используемая в данном государстве2. денежные знаки иностранных государств, кредитные и платежные документы в виде векселей, чеков, банкнот, используемые в международных расчетах-----1. денежная единица для измерения величины стоимости товара2. денежная единица данной страны3. международная денежная единица и платежное средство -
15 security
1. n безопасностьsecurity of service — надёжность, безопасность работы
2. n органы безопасности,3. n секретность4. n вчт. защищённость информации5. n уверенность, обеспеченность, чувство безопасности6. n защита, охрана, гарантия7. n воен. охранение8. n воен. боевое обеспечение9. n юр. обеспечение; гарантия, залог10. n юр. поручительство, порукаto give security — давать поручительство, выступать поручителем, ручаться
11. n юр. поручитель12. n юр. обыкн. ценные бумаги13. n юр. спорт. зачётныйСинонимический ряд:1. collateral (noun) bail; bond; collateral; contract; deposit; earnest; forfeit; guarantee; guaranty; hostage; pawn; pledge; promise; surety; token; warrant; warranty2. confidence (noun) certainty; conclusiveness; confidence; conviction; faithfulness; peace of mind; reassurance; sureness3. defense (noun) aegis; armament; armor; defence; defense; guard; protection; safeguard; shield; ward4. safety (noun) assurance; immunity; invulnerability; refuge; safeness; safety; salvation; shelter5. securities (noun) bonds; certificates; securities; stocks6. strength (noun) firmness; soundness; stability; stableness; steadiness; strengthАнтонимический ряд:doubt; insecurity; peril -
16 plan
план; замысел; порядок; система; плановая таблица; планировать; организовыватьlogistical capability plan, fiscal year — план возможностей тылового обеспечения на финансовый год
— air plan— CAS plan— CBR plan— chemical operations plan— contingency operations plan— contingent operations plan— day plan— logistical plan— net plan— war plan -
17 налог
муж. tax, duty, levy;
мн. dues большой налог ≈ heavy tax большие налоги ≈ heavy taxation дополнительный налог ≈ surcharge земельный налог ≈ land-tax подушный налог ≈ head-money, poll-tax снижать налог ≈ to abate a tax взыскание налогов ≈ tax collection сбор налогов ≈ tax collection обложение налогом ≈ taxation облагать налогами ≈ to tax, to impose/levy taxes( upon) снижение налога ≈ reduction in tax освобожденный от налога ≈ tax-free плательщик налогов ≈ taxpayer подоходный налог ≈ income-tax, income tax прямой налог ≈ direct tax налог на загрязнение ≈ pollution tax налог на зрелища ≈ entertainment tax снижение налогов ≈ degression облагать налогом ≈ to levy a tax on, to assess, to tax прямые налоги ≈ direct taxes дифференцированный налог ≈ classified tax косвенные налоги ≈ indirect taxes чрезмерный налогм. фин. due, duty, levy, imposition, tax;
государственный ~ state (national) tax;
дополнительный ~ surtax, surcharge, surcharge tax;
дополнительный ~ на сверхприбыль excess profit levy;
имущественный ~ assessed tax;
импортный ~ import tax;
косвенный ~ indirect tax;
местный ~ local tax;
натуральный ~ tax in kind;
подоходный ~ income tax, tax on income;
подушный ~ capitation tax;
прямой ~ direct tax;
таможенный ~ customs tax;
экспортный ~ export tax;
~ на дивиденды dividend tax;
~ на добавленную стоимость value-added tax;
~ на жалование служащих salary tax;
~ на личное (движимое) имущество personal property tax;
~ на недвижимое имущество real estate tax;
~ на нераспределённую прибыль undistributed profit tax;
~ на ценные бумаги tax on investments;
~ на собственность за вычетом долгов net worth tax;
~ по соцстраху tax on social security;
~ с наследства и дарения legacy tax;
~ с нетоварных операций tax on non-commercial operations;
~ с оборота sales tax;
облагать ~ом tax, levy taxes on,impose taxes on, lay* taxes on;
освобождение от уплаты ~а tax exemption;
освобождённый от уплаты ~а free of tax;
отменить ~ abolish a tax;
после удержания ~а after tax;
правила взимания ~а tax treatment;
система сбора ~ов путём вычета из заработной платы pay-as-you-earn system;
скидка с ~а tax relief;
уплата ~а payment of tax;
уклоняющееся от уплаты ~а лицо tax evader;
~овый tax attr. ;
~овая декларация tax return, tax declaration;
представить ~овую декларацию file an income tax return;
~овая льгота tax incentive, tax credit, tax deduction;
~овая система fiscal system;
~овая ставка taxe rate;
предельная ~овая ставка marginal tax rate;
снижение ~овых ставок tax rebate;
~овое право fiscal law;
~овое управление taxation authority, tax office;
~овые поступления tax revenues;
~овый инспектор tax collector, assessor;
~овый режим tax order;
'налоговый рай' (страна, куда переводятся капиталы с целью уменьшения налоговых платежей) Уtax heavenФ. -
18 scheme
ski:m
1. сущ.
1) нечто задуманное, спланированное а) план, проект;
программа to concoct, cook up, devise, think up a scheme ≈ думать над проектом, обдумывать проект to foil, thwart a scheme ≈ разрушать планы diabolical scheme ≈ дьявольский план, коварный замысел fantastic scheme ≈ фантастический, нереальный план get-rich-quick scheme ≈ план быстрого обогащения grandiose scheme ≈ грандиозный план nefarious scheme ≈ бесчестные, гнусные, низкие интриги preposterous, wild-eyed scheme ≈ нелепый, абсурдный план she concocted a scheme to get publicity ≈ она придумала план, как завоевать общественное мнение б) интрига, махинация;
козни, происки bubble scheme Syn: machination, intrigues, intrigue
2) система, устройство;
построение, план Syn: system
3) а) рисунок, схема;
диаграмма, чертеж (графическое представление какой-то структуры) б) конспект, общая картина, портрет( краткое письменное или словесное изложение)
2. гл.
1) замышлять( недоброе) ;
плести интриги, интриговать Many politicians are mostly concerned with scheming for personal power. ≈ Многие политики главным образом озабочены тем, чтобы захватить власть в свои руки.
2) планировать, проектировать, составлять план план, проект, программа - a * of work график /план/ работы - a * for a canal проект канала - a * of maneuver( военное) план маневра - simple * простой план /проект/ - to draw up a * набросать план /проект/ - now, what's the *? (разговорное) ну, каков план действий? - to lay down a * of education излагать программу образования - under the proposed * согласно предложенному плану замысел - daring * дерзкий замысел система, структура, построение - (a) colour * сочетание цветов - an effective colour * эффектный подбор цветов - a * of life уклад жизни - the * of a sonata построение сонаты - the * of the sonnet форма /структура/ сонета - the * of society структура общества тайный или нечестный замысел, заговор;
махинация, интрига - shady *s темные махинации - *s and intrigues махинации и интриги - to lay /to devise, to concoct/ a * to do smth. замышлять что-л. - to thwart smb.'s *s сорвать чьи-л. замыслы краткий план, конспект;
резюме - to give the students a * of work for the year дать студентам план работы на текущий год схема, чертеж, диаграмма pl пустые мечты, прожекты (логика) (философское) схема (диалектизм) эскапада, веселый кутеж( устаревшее) внешняя форма, внешний вид( устаревшее) гороскоп замышлять (недоброе) ;
строить тайные планы - to * smb.'s downfall строить тайные планы свержения кого-л. плести интриги, интриговать - to * for power интригами добиваться власти - he had been scheming for a bigger share in the running of the business интригами он пытался добиться большего участия в управлении предприятием планировать;
разрабатывать план, проект ( чего-л.) - to * a system of water supply разрабатывать проект водоснабжения - to * out a new method of langauge teaching разработать /изобрести/ новый метод преподавания языков( редкое) сводить к схеме, к формуле agricultural ~ структура сельского хозяйства allocation ~ вчт. схема размещения amended ~ усовершенствованная программа amortization ~ план погашения долга в рассрочку assurance ~ система гарантий audit ~ порядок ревизии axiom ~ схема аксиом block ~ блок-схема block ~ структурная схема bonus ~ порядок получения надбавок к заработной плате bonus ~ система участия в прибылях ~ интрига, махинация;
происки;
bubble scheme дутое предприятие certification ~ порядок сертификации classification ~ система классификации coding ~ вчт. схема кодирования ~ система, построение, расположение;
under the present scheme of society при современном устройстве общества;
a colour scheme сочетание цветов Community ~ структура Европейского экономического сообщества company health insurance ~ система страхования работников компании от болезней compulsory insurance ~ страх. порядок обязательного страхования computational ~ вычислительный алгоритм concessionary ~ концессионная политика conditional sale ~ порядок условной продажи conversion ~ порядок конверсии costing ~ порядок калькуляции себестоимости debt rescheduling ~ программа реструктуризации долга decoding ~ схема декодирования depositors' guarantee ~ программа обеспечения защиты вкладов discount ~ система учетных ставок distribution ~ система распределения duty ~ график дежурств explanatory ~ пояснительная схема financial ~ финансовый план financing ~ план финансирования financing ~ программа финансирования forward cover ~ порядок срочного покрытия валютного риска general aid ~ программа общей помощи guarantee ~ система гарантий hedging ~ бирж. система хеджирования home help ~ соц. система помощи на дому home market ~ структура внутреннего рынка implement a ~ осуществлять план incentive ~ система материального стимулирования index account ~ система индексации instalment ~ система продажи в рассрочку insurance ~ система страхования investor protection ~ система защиты инвестора land consolidation ~ программа укрупнения участков земли large-scale ~ крупномасштабный проект ~ план, проект;
программа;
to lay a scheme составлять план, задумывать, замышлять loan ~ программа кредитования loan ~ система кредитования market making ~ программа создания рынка marketing ~ программа сбыта продукции marketing ~ система маркетинга national pension ~ государственная программа пенсионного обеспечения new ~ новый порядок notification ~ порядок уведомления obligatory insurance ~ система обязательного страхования optimization ~ схема оптимизации pension fund ~ программа пенсионного обеспечения pension ~ пенсионная система (общий термин) pension ~ программа пенсионного обеспечения pensions assurance ~ программа страхового пенсионного обеспечения pilot ~ пробная схема pilot ~ экспериментальный план pool ~ объединение пенсионных фондов нескольких предприятий preservation ~ порядок охраны priority ~ вчт. система приоритетов private superannuation ~ система частных пенсий по выслуге лет probability ~ вероятностная схема profit-sharing ~ программа участия в прибылях компании quality label ~ система знаков качества quota ~ система квот rationalization ~ программа рационализации refinancing ~ система рефинансирования registration ~ порядок регистрации repurchase ~ система продажи и обратной покупки reward ~ система поощрений rotation ~ программа чередования sampling ~ план выборки savings ~ программа накопления сбережений scheme вчт. алгоритм ~ диаграмма ~ замышлять (недоброе) ;
плести интриги ~ интрига, махинация;
происки;
bubble scheme дутое предприятие ~ конспект;
краткое изложение ~ план, проект;
программа;
to lay a scheme составлять план, задумывать, замышлять ~ план ~ планировать, проектировать ~ последовательность операций ~ программа ~ проект ~ система, построение, расположение;
under the present scheme of society при современном устройстве общества;
a colour scheme сочетание цветов ~ система ~ структура ~ схема, чертеж ~ схема ~ of arrangement порядок разрешения спорных вопросов ~ of arrangement порядок урегулирования претензий ~ of arrangement схема мероприятия ~ of arrangement negotiations переговоры о порядке урегулирования претензий ~ of arrangement proposal предложение о порядке урегулирования претензий ~ of distribution схема распределения ~ of payment порядок платежей ~ of social security benefits система пособий по социальному страхованию selective financing ~ система выборочного финансирования self-pensioning ~ программа пенсионного обеспечения за счет собственных средств selling ~ программа продажи settlement ~ порядок производства расчетов simulation ~ схема моделирования slum clearance ~ план сноса ветхих домов sorting ~ способ сортировки special deposit ~ система специальных депозитов special financing ~ система специального финансирования statutory insurance ~ установленная законом программа страхования subsidy ~ программа дотаций subsidy ~ программа субсидий superannuation ~ программа пенсионного обеспечения support ~ план поддержки support ~ проект поддержки tax avoidance ~ система уклонения от налогов tax declaration ~ порядок представления налоговой декларации tax-privileged savings ~ программа аккумуляции сбережений с налоговыми льготами taxation ~ порядок налогообложения town planning ~ программа городского планирования training ~ план профподготовки transitional ~ временный план trial ~ предварительная схема ~ система, построение, расположение;
under the present scheme of society при современном устройстве общества;
a colour scheme сочетание цветов unemployment benefit ~ программа пособий по безработице wiring ~ схема коммутации -
19 insurance
n
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